As depthbased routing protocol dbr uses depth information only which is much. Abstract devolving an efficient routing protocol in underwater wireless sensor networks uwsns is a challenge due to volatile characteristics of the underwater environment. Energyefficient depthbased opportunistic routing with q. Wireless sensor networks wsns are network of physical small sensors which are interconnected through wireless links. Survey on energy and coverage holes avoidance in underwater. Pdf wireless sensor networks wsns are network of physical small sensors which are interconnected through wireless links. Localizationfree, noncooperative depthbased routing protocols for uwsns are. After receiving a packet, the sensor node judges whether. Cooperative depth based routing for underwater wireless. Cooperative depth based routing for underwater wireless sensor networks is discussed in 6. By the word multiple sinks mean, the dbr protocol encompasses the use of. Mission critical applications impose the requirements of reliability and network efficiency on underwater wireless sensor networks uwsn. Dbr 14 is the first designed depthbased underwater routing protocol that guides packet to the destination solely depending on the water depth of a node.
Distancevectorbased opportunistic routing for underwater. Due to effectiveness of network layer on general performance of networks, designing routing protocols is very important for lifetime and traffic efficiency in wireless sensor networks. Moreover, our routing protocol can take advantage of a multiplesink underwater sensor network architecture without introducing extra cost. Distancevectorbased opportunistic routing for underwater acoustic sensor networks quansheng guan, senior member, ieee, fei ji, member, ieee, yun liu,huayu, member, ieee,andweiqichen abstractwith the advance of the internet of underwater things, underwater acoustic sensor network uasn has been. Analysis of depth based routing protocols in under water sensor networks. Innovative routing and time synchronization in underwater. To acquire the depth, each underwater sensor is equipped with a pressure sensor.
In 11 the authors propose a depth based protocol called dbr. Secure routing in ofdm based multihop underwater acoustic. Instead, it needs only local depth information, which can be easily obtained with an inexpensive depth sensor that can be equipped in every underwater sensor node. Underwater wireless sensor networks uwsn attracts a lot of attention of the researchers, due to its military applications, environmental monitoring and prediction of natural disaster. Dbr does not require fulldimensional location information of sensor nodes. In this paper, we propose a cooperative routing scheme for uwsns to enhance network performance. Dynamic cdbr for underwater wireless sensor networks. The benefit of using dbr protocol is high packet delivery 95% in case of dense. A solution for scalable routing in depth divisionsbased. Jun 01, 2019 interest in underwater wireless sensor networks uwsns based on acoustic communication has rapidly grown over the last decade.
In this paper, we propose a novel protocol, called depthbased routing dbr, for underwater sensor networks. Research article an energy efficient routing protocol based on layers and unequal clusters in underwater wireless sensor networks fang zhu 1 and junfang wei2,3 1school of computer and communication engineering, northeastern university at qinhuangdao, northeastern university. Comparative analysis of routing protocols for under water. Vibrant underwater weather conditions and node movement make designing of an efficient routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor network a challenging task. Dbr is a packet forwarding protocol for uwsns which uses depth information to relay information from underwater sensors to data sinks at the surface. Architecture, routing protocols and data aggregation in. The authors propose to forward the packets greedily. Analysis of depth based routing protocols in under water sensor. In dbr, every node has a pressure sensor which enables the node to estimate its depth while the nodes are in general unaware of their exact 3d position.
Depthbased routing for underwater sensor networks providing scalable and ecient routing services in underwater sensor net works. Networking 2008 ad hoc and sensor networks, wireless networks, next generation internet 2008. Analysis of performance in depth based routing for underwater wireless sensor networks simonetta balsamo 1, dieter fiems2, mohsin jafri, and andrea marin 1 dais, universit a ca foscari venezia, italy. Some proposed protocols adopt geographic routing to address this problem, but threedimensional localization is hard to obtain in underwater environment. Wsns are ubiquitous in diverse types of environment such as air interface and underwater acoustic communication. A new challenge for opportunistic routing protocols. Analysis of performance in depth based routing for underwater. In dbr and eedbr while forwarding the data all the neighboring nodes receive the data. Efficient routing protocols for data packet delivery are crucial to underwater sensor networks uwsns. Thus acoustic communications are usually adopted in underwater environ. Underwater wireless sensor networks uwsns have aroused increasing interest of many researchers in industry, military, commerce and academe recently. Dbr works based on the depth of the nodes in which, the nodes at the lesser depth acts as a forwarding medium. Due to the significantly differences from terrestrial wireless sensor networks, including slow propagation speed, high endtoend delay, low available bandwidth, variable link quality and energy constraint, designing an efficient routing protocol for the. In underwater acoustic sensor networks uasns, the sensors are deployed at different areas of the ocean, which perform information collection and delaysensitive routing to the data center for further processing or industrial computing.
Depthbased routing for underwater sensor networks 73 first of all, radio does not work well in water because of its rapid attenuation. Pdf communication architecture for underwater wireless. Innovative routing and time synchronization in underwater sensor networks vidya. Major challenges are the ocean current and the limited resources bandwidth and energy. In this field, the design of energyefficient communication protocols is a crucial task as battery replacement may be unfeasible in practical scenarios. A scheme for delaysensitive spatiotemporal routing in sdn. Large numbers of sensor nodes are involved in the process.
This improves the stability period of network from dbr. Data forwarding for underwater wireless sensor networks has drawn large attention in the past decade. A survey on routing protocols for underwater wireless sensor. An energy efficient routing protocol based on layers and. Underwater wireless sensor networks uwsns have attracted significant research attention recently from both industry and academia. Depthbased routing for underwater sensor networks hai yan, zhijie jerry shi, and junhong cui 5 describe a novel protocol, called depthbased routing dbr, for underwater sensor networks. Introduction underwater network is a new communication area for research in recent years. Cluster depth based routingcdbr protocol for under water wireless sensor networkuwsn which is an upgraded version of depth based routing dbr and energy efficie nt depth based routingeedbr. Acoustic channels often feature low bandwidths and long propagation delays. Research article delaysensitive routing schemes for. Source node selects a neighbor node which has less depth from sink and then forwards the data to that. In cdbr cluster heads chs are used for forwarding packets that maximizes throughput of the network. An eminent technique in localizationfree category is depthbased routing protocol dbr, based on data forwarding through lowdepth sensor nodes.
A routing protocol based on received signal strength for. Time synchronization plays a critical role in distributed network system. Clustering depth based routing for underwater wireless sensor. A depthbased routing dbr protocol 12 uses the depth sensor to obtain depth information in underwater sensors. In dvrp, the forwarding of data packets is based on the. Energy harvesting depth based routing for underwater sensor networks. These networks are used interactively between different nodes and ground based stations. Reinforcement learningbased data forwarding in underwater.
Dbr selects next forwarder based on depth information. Furthermore, underwater sensor nodes are energy constrained, so network lifetime is another obstruction. Underwater wireless sensor networks uwsns contain several components such as vehicles and sensors that are deployed in a specific acoustic area to perform collaborative monitoring and data collection tasks. The results show that dbr can achieve very high packet delivery ratios at least 95% for dense networks with only small communication cost. Presently, uwsns face issues and challenges regarding limited bandwidth, high propagation delay. The first pressure routing protocol recommended for the underwater environment is the depthbased routing dbr. It requires knowledge of the local depth at each node which can be obtained from a depth sensor. Thus acoustic communications are usually adopted in underwater environments.
So in this paper, we are going to represent an efficient and scalable version of depthbased routing dbr protocol that is limited by depth divisionspolicy. However, communication in uwsns is a challenging task because of the characteristics of the acoustic channel. Providing scalable and efficient routing services in underwater sensor networks uwsns is very challenging due to the unique characteristics of uwsns. As depthbased routing protocol dbr uses depth information only which is much more easier to obtain, it is more practical for uwsns. Energy harvesting depth based routing for underwater sensor. Improving both energy and time efficiency of depthbased. Thus based on the depth information of each sensor, dbr forwards data packets greedily towards the water surface. Research article delaysensitive routing schemes for underwater acoustic sensor networks. Forwarding nodes constraint based dbr cdbr and eedbr. The prime objective is to find out a good performance metrics considering the problems associated with the depth based routing, and to analyze energy efficient depth based routing with a priority value based on the distance between source node and the forwarding node, novel energy efficient depth based routing considering its depth, residual. Here, we investigate the routing and time synchronization problem in the context of underwater sensor networks uwsns. In this paper, we proposed an endtoend delay efficient routing protocol called dvrp diagonal and vertical routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor network.
Enhanced underwater balanced cooperative routing protocol. Improving both energy and time efficiency of depthbased routing. Cooperative depth based routing for underwater wireless sensor networks. Investigations in hydrologic sciences are bounded because most of existing water surveillance methods are manual. They also discusses open research issues in 2dimensional and 3dimensional uasns. In this paper, we propose a depthbased routing dbr protocol.
This protocol assumes that each node equipped with a depth sensor. Network information ni, depthbased routing dbr, dense underwater sensor networks dusns, energy efficient and low delay dbr eeld dbr 1. In our work by limiting the number of forwarding nodes, we have extended the network lifetime. Such systems are incapable to gather information at spatial and temporal level due to location constraints. Location based clustering algorithm lcad, depth based routing protocol dbrp and constraint based depth based routing protocol cbdr are employed in this process. In this work, we consider a popular routing protocol for uwsns, namely depth based routing dbr, and introduce a stochastic model for numerically deriving important performance indices, like the endtoend delay, the energy consumption and the delivery probability, in terms of the configuration parameters. Underwater wireless sensor networks uwsn provide a promising solution for. Thus based on the depth information of each sensor, dbr forwards data packets greedily towards the water surface i. An efficient and reliable geographic routing protocol based. Each node in this protocol is equipped with a cost effective pressure sensor used for locally calculating the depth of node. A classical localizationfree routing protocol called depthbased routing dbr is presented in literature. Depth based routing dbr and energy efficient depth based routing eedbr are two such routing protocols which give very good performance in underwater environment.
Towards delaysensitive routing in underwater wireless sensor. In this paper, we present a new communication architecture for underwater wireless sensor network uwsn based on acoustic communication. Innovative routing solutions are therefore required for efficient data forwarding. Dbr well utilizes the general underwater sensor network architecture. Underwater sensor network uwsn is a representative. Relative distancebased forwarding protocol for underwater. In 16, a novel routing protocol called depthbased routing dbr is proposed that uses depth of sensor nodes as a. Analysis of depth based routing protocols in under water. Underwater positioning is also a particularly tricky task since the high attenuation of radiofrequency signals in uwsns. Due to the harsh underwater environments for communication, a major challenge of underwater wireless sensor networks uwsns is the timeliness. Pdf on dec 1, 2016, tanveer ahmed and others published optimized depthbased routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks find, read and cite all the research you need on. In uwasns, dbr employs only depth information to perform greedy routing.